Cover from S.M.S. No. 5

Congo was a chimpanzee who produced abstract paintings using brushes and paint between 1956 and 1962, becoming a documented subject of mid-century fascination with animal creativity. Working in London under human guidance, Congo created approximately 400 works on paper and canvas, characterized by bold gestural marks and compositional balance that showed consistency across sessions. His output was exhibited and reproduced in postwar popular media, raising questions about authorship, intentionality, and the nature of artistic creation that remain unresolved. Congo's brief career preceded modern animal cognition studies and remains an ambiguous artifact of Cold War-era curiosity about animal intelligence.