Vice President Richard Nixon, White House

Philippe Halsman was an American photographer known for psychologically penetrating portraits and experimental darkroom techniques developed in the postwar era. Born in Latvia and based in New York, he photographed major cultural figures including Einstein, Dalí, and Marilyn Monroe, employing innovative lighting and composition to reveal psychological states beyond conventional portraiture. His jump photographs, where subjects were captured mid-leap, became a signature method for accessing authentic emotional responses. Halsman's work demonstrated that photography could function as a form of psychological inquiry rather than mere documentation.

Riga, Latvia