
Professor José Martínez Ramírez, from In the Name of Christ
<p>Méndez’s portfolio <em>In the Name of Christ</em> addresses the Cristero revolts, an antisecular and counterrevolutionary movement led by Catholic peasants that began in 1926 and lasted into the 1940s. The uprising was sparked by a struggle for political power between the Mexican Catholic Church and the postrevolutionary, anticlerical government of President Plutarco Elías Calles. In his print series, Méndez focused on the Cristero murders of more than 200 teachers during the 1930s, the reactionary Catholics’ attack on the secularized rural educational system instituted by the Cárdenas administration. The brutality of the murders is evident in each of these scenes, from the direct, somber depiction of the hanging of José Martínez Ramírez to the senseless violence of the machete attack on Arnulfo Sosa Portillo, who dramatically falls back toward the viewer.</p> <p><strong>Español:</strong><br>El portafolio de Méndez <em>En nombre de Cristo</em> aborda la revuelta de los cristeros, un movimiento contrarrevolucionario y antisecular dirigido por campesinos católicos que se inició en 1926 y duró hasta la década de 1940. El levantamiento tuvo su origen en la lucha por el poder político entre la Iglesia Católica mexicana y el gobierno posrevolucionario y anticlerical del presidente Plutarco Elías Calles. En su serie de grabados, Méndez se enfoca en los asesinatos perpetrados por los cristeros de más de 200 maestros durante los años de 1930. Se trató de un ataque reaccionario de los católicos al sistema de educación rural secularizado instituído por el gobierno de Cárdenas. La brutalidad de los asesinatos se hace evidente en cada una de las escenas, desde la representación directa y sombría del ahorcamiento de José Martínez Ramírez, hasta la violencia sin sentido del ataque con machetes sobre Arnulfo Sosa Portillo, quien dramáticamente cae hacia el espectador.</p>
Catalogue
- Year
- 1939
- Dimensions
- Image: 30.3 × 21 cm (11 15/16 × 8 5/16 in.); Sheet: 49.9 × 40.4 cm (19 11/16 × 15 15/16 in.)
- Collection
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Artist
- Leopoldo Méndez
Artist

Printmaking
Leopoldo Méndez was a Mexican printmaker whose lithographs and woodcuts became foundational to twentieth-century Latin American social realism. Working from the 1920s onward, he deployed bold graphic forms and stark tonal contrasts to chronicle labor struggles, indigenous life, and anti-imperialist resistance. His prints circulated among working-class and activist networks across Mexico and beyond, establishing printmaking as a vehicle for direct political intervention rather than institutional mediation. The formal clarity of his compositions, combined with their urgent social content, shaped successive generations of socially engaged artists in the Americas.
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More by Leopoldo Méndez
Posada in His Workshop (Homage to Posada)
1953 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
Firing Squad
1950 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
Torches, from Río Escondido
1948 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
Torches from the portfolio Rio Escondido (Hidden River)
1948 · Wood engraving
Little Schoolteacher, How Immense is Thy Will, from Río Escondido
1948 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
I Thirst, from Río Escondido
1948 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
Record
Verified by WattsOS- Artist
- Leopoldo Méndez
- Year
- 1939
- Dimensions
- Image: 30.3 × 21 cm (11 15/16 × 8 5/16 in.); Sheet: 49.9 × 40.4 cm (19 11/16 × 15 15/16 in.)
- Watts ID
- WW-1939-043676
Source
- Collection
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Source
- aic
- Reference
- View at source
- Status
- verified





