
Calaveras of the National Mausoleum
<p>In 1942 the Taller de Gráfica Popular published a portfolio of Méndez’s prints, including some of his most famous caricatures from the early 1930s. Méndez often engaged in pointed satire in these works, which were representive of the era’s divisive politics. <a href="https://www.artic.edu/artworks/45859"><em>Fool’s Concert</em></a>, for example, mocks important postrevolutionary cultural figures, including the muralists Rivera, who appears on the left as a promoter of indigenism, and Siqueiros, whose loyalty to communism is suggested by his sickleharp. <em>Calaveras of the National Mausoleum</em>, perhaps the first use of the <em>calavera</em> in postrevolutionary prints, portrays the elite inauguration of the Palacio de Bellas Artes. It brands the skeletons of Rivera and Carlos Riva Palacio, head of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario, as reactionary capitalists, and in Rivera’s case, ironically as a sympathizer of the Fourth International, led by the Soviet dissident Leon Trotsky.</p> <p><strong>Español:</strong><br>En 1942 el Taller de Gráfica Popular publicó un portafolio de grabados realizados por Méndez en el que se incluían algunas de sus caricaturas más célebres de inicios de la década de 1930. Representativas de las divisivas políticas de la época, en ellas Méndez no pocas veces desplegó una sátira punzante. En <a href="https://www.artic.edu/artworks/45859"><em>Concierto de los locos</em></a>, por ejemplo, Méndez hace burla de importantes figuras de la cultura posrevolucionaria mexicana, entre ellas los muralistas Rivera quien aparece a la izquierda como promotor del indigenismo y Siqueiros, cuya lealtad al comunismo se sugiere por el arpa en forma de hoz. Por otro lado, Calaveras del Mausoleo Nacional que quizás es el primer ejemplo del uso de las calaveras en grabados posrevolucionarios representa el elitismo que caracterizó a la inauguración del Palacio de Bellas Artes. Las calaveras de Rivera y Carlos Riva Palacio, líder del Partido Nacional Revolucionario, los hacen aparecer como capitalistas reaccionarios y, en el caso de Rivera, irónicamente también como simpatizante de la Cuarta Internacional, dirigida por el disidente soviético León Trotsky.</p>
Catalogue
- Year
- 1934
- Dimensions
- Image: 22.9 × 16.9 cm (9 1/16 × 6 11/16 in.); Sheet: 24.7 × 20.4 cm (9 3/4 × 8 1/16 in.)
- Collection
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Artist
- Leopoldo Méndez
Artist

Printmaking
Leopoldo Méndez was a Mexican printmaker whose lithographs and woodcuts became foundational to twentieth-century Latin American social realism. Working from the 1920s onward, he deployed bold graphic forms and stark tonal contrasts to chronicle labor struggles, indigenous life, and anti-imperialist resistance. His prints circulated among working-class and activist networks across Mexico and beyond, establishing printmaking as a vehicle for direct political intervention rather than institutional mediation. The formal clarity of his compositions, combined with their urgent social content, shaped successive generations of socially engaged artists in the Americas.
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More by Leopoldo Méndez
Posada in His Workshop (Homage to Posada)
1953 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
Firing Squad
1950 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
Torches, from Río Escondido
1948 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
Torches from the portfolio Rio Escondido (Hidden River)
1948 · Wood engraving
Little Schoolteacher, How Immense is Thy Will, from Río Escondido
1948 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
I Thirst, from Río Escondido
1948 · Linocut in black on cream wove paper
Record
Verified by WattsOS- Artist
- Leopoldo Méndez
- Year
- 1934
- Dimensions
- Image: 22.9 × 16.9 cm (9 1/16 × 6 11/16 in.); Sheet: 24.7 × 20.4 cm (9 3/4 × 8 1/16 in.)
- Watts ID
- WW-1934-043761
Source
- Collection
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Source
- aic
- Reference
- View at source
- Status
- verified





