The Pyramids of Saqqara, from the Northeast

Francis Frith was a British photographer and publisher who pioneered large-scale documentary photography in the mid-nineteenth century. Beginning in the 1850s, he undertook extensive expeditions to Egypt, the Levant, and India, creating thousands of albumen prints that established photography as a primary tool for ethnographic and archaeological record-keeping. His prolific output and innovative use of the wet collodion process on a traveling scale fundamentally shaped Victorian attitudes toward distant lands and ancient civilizations. Frith later founded a publishing enterprise that reproduced his photographs as mass-market stereoscards and bound albums, making him one of the first photographers to recognize the commercial potential of photographic reproduction.

Chesterfield, Derbyshire, UK